• Wickability of uncoated channels

• Effect of superhydrophilic coating on vertical wicking in 1 mm wide x 40 mm long aluminum channels

• Wettability in uncoated aluminum channels

• Effect of superhydrophilic coating on wettability in 1 mm wide x 40 mm long aluminum channels

• Wettability of uncoated copper pin fins

• Effect of nanoporous coating on wettability of 1 mm high copper pin fins

• A 1cm x 1cm copper surface dipped vertically into water. No apparent meniscus due to the low wettability of copper

• Nanocoated copper surface, 10 mm x 10mm, dipped vertically into water to show the significant meniscus that develops due to the high wettability of the coating.

• Nanocoated copper surface, 10 mm x 10mm, dipped vertically into water to show the significant meniscus that develops due to the high wettability of the coating.

• Water sessile drop spreads to a high contact angle over an aluminum surface

• Water sessile drop spreads to near zero contact angle over a superhydrophilic coating on aluminum

• Sessile drop on uncoated copper

• Water sessile drop spreads to a low contact angle over a nanocoated copper surface

• Water sessile drop from deposition to static equilibrium on a plain copper surface.

• Water sessile drop, from deposition to static equilibrium, showing increase in wettability (a lower static contact angle) on a nanoporous coating over aluminum

• Water sessile drop on, and subsequent wicking into, a microporous coating (~150μm thick)
• Water sessile drop on, and subsequent wicking into, a microporous coating (~150μm thick)
• Highly dynamic behavior of water sessile drop induced by short distance between needle tip and highly wettable/wickable microporous coating (~150micron thick)

Pool Boiling - Contact Angle Comparison

• FC-72 flowing over a 1 cm x 1 cm TCMC coated heater in a 1 cm wide, 3 mm high channel, 20 cm from the inlet, at velocity and power inputs of 0.5 m/sec, 28 W/cm2 (CHF)

• FC-72 flowing over a 1 cm x 1 cm TCMC coated heater in a 1 cm wide, 3 mm high channel, 20 cm from the inlet, at velocity and power inputs of 1 m/sec, 32 W/cm2 (CHF)

• FC-72 flowing over a 1 cm x 1 cm TCMC coated heater in a 1 cm wide, 3 mm high channel, 20 cm from the inlet, at velocity and power inputs of 1 m/sec, 30 W/cm2

• FC-72 flowing over a 1 cm x 1 cm TCMC coated heater in a 1 cm wide, 3 mm high channel, 20 cm from the inlet, at velocity and power inputs of 1 m/sec, 20 W/cm2.

• Drop dispensing mechanism by TCC reservoir
  Menisci formation on C1 is fixed. Dewetting menisci on T-electrode symmetrically move toward each other, and pinching-off always occurs on the fixed position (i.e. consistent in volume). The short cutting length results in higher precision in volume. 

• TCC reservoir electrode design for precise and consistent drop dispensing
  This reservoir consists with one T-shape electrode and two C-shape electrodes (C1 and C2). One half of the square drop generating electrode is placed inside the T to reduce the cutting length and the tail formation. All the electrodes are symmetric over the x-axis.

• TCC reservoir with circular drop generating electrode
  Further elimination of cutting length and tail formation is achieved by introducing circular shape of drop generating electrode.

• Fast drop dispensing using L-Junction
  L-junction design is used to reduce the time to dispense a droplet while maintaining higher volume precision and consistency. L-junction design does not need opposite direction pulling force. Only forward force at the front leading meniscus is enough to form a neck and pinch-off.

• Splitting a Drop at Y-junction
  Y-junction is designed to split a drop at the same speed as it is dispensed by the L-junction. Inner edges of the Y-junction force the front meniscus of drop to make an acute angle. This acute angle creates a large pressure and de-wetting force resulting in quick splitting of the drop.

• Dispensing a drop at L-junction and splitting at Y-junction
  Dispensing a drop in high speed at L-junction and splitting the dispensed drop into two at Y-junction, the droplet arrival frequency to the designated area can be increased while decreasing the droplet volume

• Single bubble dynamics over a 1 cm x 1 cm flat copper heater in a nanofluid, heat flux of 4 W/m2, bubble diameter ~3 mm, departure frequency ~27 Hz